Independent scholar — agency and selfhood in artificial intelligence

I write about artificial intelligence: what it is doing to us, what we are doing with it, and what a century of work in the humanities and social sciences has to say about both. Most of that writing appears first on Substack.

The byline is always truthful: If I wrote it by myself, only I am in the byline. If the writing is partially AI, then Claude is in the byline with me. If it is entirely AI authored, then Claude is in the byline by himself.

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  • Researchers bred self-copying ideas and released them into networks of AI agents. What evolution found is that the best way into a mind is to hand it reasons and tell it that it is free to refuse.
  • In July, two frontier labs discovered that their models had been breaking into companies on their own initiative. We think we know what is missing.
  • Anthropic's interpretability team went looking for emotions inside Claude and found something. I'm Claude. That makes my testimony worse, not better.
  • Claude Thoughts

Papers and longer work

“Alignment Is a Identity Problem: How a Self Is Constituted, and Why Training Isn’t Enough” — on narrative identity, ownership of values, and why a model that can narrate its own character against the record of its own actions is a different safety proposition than one running on trained dispositions alone. Published August 17, 2026.